Never publish a plan computed from inputs that have since changed

Confirmed: the check run after the optimizer compared only zone sensors,
outdoor temperature, thermostat and relay. A window opening, a UPS load
change or a wind change during the calculation went unnoticed; nothing
prevented an older update that finished late from overwriting a newer
result; and an update in flight during unload still saved.

- Every input a prediction uses is captured as a normalized snapshot
  (zone and outdoor temperatures, wind speed/direction/gust, heat-source
  power, window states, relay state and switch time, thermostat mode and
  target) and compared after the calculation with tolerances (0.25 °C,
  50 W, 1 m/s, 2 m/s gusts, 20° direction around the circle; exact for
  relay, thermostat and windows). A meaningful change discards the plan
  and lists the inputs in changed_inputs; noise does not. No immediate
  recalculation: an off-schedule poll would break the 5-minute learning
  interval; the next regular poll computes a fresh plan.
- Updates are numbered; one overtaken by a newer update, or running when
  the entry unloads, keeps the newer data and skips saving and
  optimizing. Configuration changes reload the entry, so they are covered.
- A per-entry storage lock makes a reloaded coordinator restore only
  after the previous one's save finished, and integration removal waits
  for it too, so a late save cannot recreate a deleted model file.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/test_data_quality.py

@@ -46,6 +46,22 @@ class FreshnessTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(history.observe('sensor.a', later, 300), 300)
         self.assertEqual(history.observe('sensor.b', later, 30), 30)
 
+    def test_inputs_differ_ignores_noise_but_not_meaningful_changes(self):
+        before = {('temperature', 'sensor.room'): 20.0, ('power', 'sensor.ups'): 210.0,
+                  ('wind_direction', 'sensor.dir'): 355.0, ('wind', 'sensor.wind'): 4.0,
+                  ('window', 'binary_sensor.w'): False, ('thermostat', 'climate.t'): ('heat', 22, None)}
+        noise = {**before, ('temperature', 'sensor.room'): 20.1, ('power', 'sensor.ups'): 240.0,
+                 ('wind_direction', 'sensor.dir'): 5.0, ('wind', 'sensor.wind'): 4.6}
+        self.assertEqual(quality.inputs_differ(before, noise), [])  # 10° across north is small
+        for key, value in ((('temperature', 'sensor.room'), 20.5), (('power', 'sensor.ups'), 610.0),
+                           (('wind_direction', 'sensor.dir'), 40.0), (('window', 'binary_sensor.w'), True),
+                           (('window', 'binary_sensor.w'), None), (('thermostat', 'climate.t'), ('heat', 21, None)),
+                           (('temperature', 'sensor.room'), None)):
+            with self.subTest(key=key, value=value):
+                self.assertEqual(quality.inputs_differ(before, {**before, key: value}), [key])
+        self.assertEqual(quality.inputs_differ(before, {**before, ('power', 'sensor.new'): 5.0}),
+                         [('power', 'sensor.new')])
+
     def test_freshness_settings_translated(self):
         for name in ('strings.json', 'translations/en.json', 'translations/ro.json'):
             data = json.loads((ROOT / name).read_text())