Timestamp relay changes with a read-only state listener

Polling only sees the relay's current state and last change, so two or
more changes between polls (e.g. an on/off round trip) made the lag
estimate unknown and paused learning for about half an hour.

Subscribe to the relay's state changes (read-only) and integrate every
recorded change between polls. Because HA delivers these events one
loop iteration late, the current state stays authoritative and fills in
a change not yet recorded. Unknown periods (non on/off states, missed
transitions, event overflow) still restart the estimate with an
explicit error bound. Without the listener, behavior is as before.

HA skips unload callbacks after unexpected setup errors, so setup now
removes the listener itself on any failure and registers it for unload
only once setup succeeds.

Tested on HA Core 2025.12.0 and 2026.2.3.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/test_physics.py

@@ -148,6 +148,17 @@ class ModelTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 lag, half_width = m.lag_from_time_in_state(command, 900)
                 self.assertLessEqual(abs(m.advance_lag(start, command, 900) - lag), half_width + 1e-12)
 
+    def test_relay_segments(self):
+        seg = m.relay_segments
+        self.assertEqual(seg(False, 0, [], 300), [(False, 300)])
+        self.assertEqual(seg(False, 0, [(60, 'on'), (200, 'off')], 300),
+                         [(False, 60), (True, 140), (False, 100)])
+        self.assertEqual(seg(True, 0, [(300, 'off')], 300), [(True, 300), (False, 0)])
+        for changes in ([(60, 'unavailable')], [(60, 'off')], [(200, 'on'), (60, 'off')],
+                        [(-1, 'on')], [(301, 'on')]):
+            with self.subTest(changes=changes):
+                self.assertIsNone(seg(False, 0, changes, 300))
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()